Jan 20, 2016 nunalivut 2015, last springs arctic sovereignty manoeuvres promoted by the military as a largescale military exercise, involved little more than 200 personnel. Arctic governance is a composite of national sovereignty and the multilateral arctic council in which the five coastal states join three arctic states. Introduction arctic sovereignty has become once again a matter of political importance. That said, an effective sovereignty and security program. Contested sovereignty in a changing arctic article pdf available in annals of the american association of geographers 1004 august 2010 with 366 reads how we measure reads. What will be one of the right honourable stephen harpers legacies during his nine years in office as canadas twentysecond prime minister will be his.
Canada, norway, russia, denmark, iceland, sweden, finland and the united states. Canadian arctic sovereignty the canadian encyclopedia. Although strengthening russias engagement in the arctic may be a key building block in the development of the region, an overemphasis on sovereignty issues risks overlooking the importance of economic and strategic developments beyond the region. Interdependence, not sovereignty, is the key to the. A circumpolar inuit declaration on sovereignty in the arctic. On the one hand, there is talk of a new cold war brewing, tied to a race for resources with nations scrambling to claim the. Inuit are patriotic canadians, and we believe that canada must have an adequate military presence and surveillance capacity in the arctic. Claims under unclos have to be made within ten years. He is considered a leading expert on the subject of arctic sovereignty issues. As an arctic nation canada is not immune to the consequences of these transformations.
Recent military exercises near the novosibirskiye islands involved 10 warships and 4 nuclearpowered icebreakers and the reopening of a sovietera military base. During the cold war, arctic security was inseparable from national security, nuclear deterrence and the bipolar rivalry between the american and soviet superpowers. Spring, 2009 sovereignty in the arctic 347 ice reductions have been found regionally. Arctic sovereignty and canada by asbah and shanyce ongoing issue, because territorial claims change every ten years for whichever nation that wants to have the arctic under their responsibility. Article, indigenous rights and issues, natural resources and energy, russia. Under international law, the north pole and the region of the arctic ocean surr. May 24, 2016 sarah hertz, marketing administrator, university of calgary press the arctic is front page news in canada and around the world. Mar 23, 2016 the traditional view of arctic security focuses on military defense, especially the protection of national borders and the assertion of state sovereignty over arctic land and water. In 2007 a russianled polar expedition, descending through the icy waters of the arctic ocean in a. Continental shelf negotiation, mediation and arbitration continental shelves sovereignty laws, regulations and rules. Sovereignty and conflict in the arctic due to climate change page 4 the north pole. Canadas arctic sovereignty is on thin ice now magazine. Arctic sovereignty first priority for north, says harper. Engage your students during remote learning with video readalouds.
Understanding sovereignty disputes in the north by michael byers will get your blood boiling if you believe, as i do, that the northwest passage is canadian and not an international waterway. Using the hans island dispute as a diplomatic laboratory conflict analysis article pdf available september 2014 with 804 reads how we measure reads. Canada, which plans to assert sovereignty over part of the. Who owns the arctic understanding sovereignty disputes in. New security network in the works as world powers turn north.
Canadian arctic sovereignty essay 1220 words bartleby. Denmarks sovereignty over all of greenland was recognized by the united states in 1916 and by an international court in 1933. The arctic council as regional body klaus dodds the arctic council ac is an intergovernmental organization that, since its creation in 1996, has been widely recognized as one of the most progressive regional bodies in the world. Canada falling short on arctic sovereignty geopolitical. Apr 01, 2015 the united states takes over the chairmanship of the arctic council from canada on april 24 during the arctic council ministerial meeting in iqaluit, nunavut, canada. Arctic sovereignty and security in a climatechanging world 3 executive summary in may of this year, about 200 kilometres north of the arctic circle, representatives from the five coastal states of the arctic gathered in the small town of ilulissat, greenland to discuss the future of the north. Arctic sovereignty videos and latest news articles. It is extremely useful at clarifying the basic issues and providing a stepping stone for further research. The issue of northern sovereignty global warming has helped create the conditions necessary for a perfect storm when it comes to canadau. International disputes include disputes over maritime access through the northwest passage and a recently escalated dispute over the lomonosov ridge, which bisects the arctic sea, which russia.
Nov 07, 2016 international disputes over territory can be ugly affairs, waged with all the nastiness of a divorce, backed with the force of armies. May 07, 2015 an introduction to inuit rights and arctic sovereignty may 7, 2015 by robin campbell the rapidly changing climate in the arctic is opening up the possibility of exploiting the natural resources contained in the arctic ocean seabed. This book puts the scramble for arctic dominance in the context of sovereignty and jurisdiction, the supply of energy for expanding economies, sea lanes and the question of navigation, and elements of militarization and securitization dispersed across a variety of northern corridors. The arctic frozen conflict international the economist. Cohas forthcoming three part series will investigate the tenets of the arctic sovereignty issue, and suggest how canada and the united states can work together to secure their shared strategic interests in a region of rising importance. Resolving arctic sovereignty from a scandinavian perspective. The arctic is indeed part of our history, as the prime minister noted, and a robust understanding of previous sovereignty and security thinking, policy, and practices should inform our assessment of policy options, probable future scenarios, and the feasibility of proposed courses of action. Defending our sovereignty in the arctic introduction the true north, strong and freea line from our national anthem, and a rallying cry for canadian patriots immediately calls to mind a vast, frozen expanse, a land that most canadians will never visit. They outline diverse paths to achieving sovereignty, security, and stewardship in canadaas arctic and in the broader circumpolar world. The resolution of this complicated scenario is yet to be determined and there are several possible outcomes. International disputes over territory can be ugly affairs, waged with all the nastiness of a divorce, backed with the force of armies. Mixed messages from journalists, academics, and government representatives predict both conflict and cooperation in the region. With 162,000 kilometers of arctic coastline, it is undeniable that the increased global interest in the arctic region is a pivotal concern to canadas strategic interests.
An analysis of territorial disputes and environmental policy considerations 2009 a. The arctic consists of land, internal waters, territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and high seas above the arctic circle. Oct 22, 2007 inuit are patriotic canadians, and we believe that canada must have an adequate military presence and surveillance capacity in the arctic. Robert huebert, associate director of the centre for strategic and military studies at the university of calgary. The future of arctic resources is determined elsewhere. In the context of the cold war, canada sent inuit families to the far north in the high arctic relocation, partly to establish territoriality. On the one hand, there is talk of a new cold war brewing, tied to a race for resources with nations. Best books on the european union five books expert. Sarah hertz, marketing administrator, university of calgary press the arctic is front page news in canada and around the world.
Drawing on the work of john rawls in a theory of justice, this book considers how distributive justice theories can be in tune with the concept of sovereignty and explores the possibility of a solution for sovereignty conflicts based on rawlsian methodology. Balancing sovereignty and multilateral cooperation in the arctic. Mar 22, 2011 the effort to secure sovereignty over continental shelves in the arctic has at once been described as a land grab, 1 a gold rush, 2 and, a race to claim arctic resources. Even though the arctic 1 conflict can in a wide definition be seen as clashes of interests where actors use conflictive behavior against each other to attain their incompatible goals.
Arctic sovereignty is a key part of canadas history and future 40 per cent of the countrys landmass is in its three northern territories, and the country has 162,000 kilometers km of arctic coastline. We are deeply concerned, and we are determined to promote and defend the sovereignty of canada in the arctic, baird said in an interview with the danish publication berlingske, published in the native language. The harper government has branded itself as a resolute defender of canadas arctic sovereignty. The commonplace notion that the biggest threat to the arctic region is spillover from conflict elsewhere is becoming real. Some of the early explorers here were british martin frobisher, 1576, john davis, 1585 and 1587, and others but many of these islands were reached and explored by scandinavians or americans see arctic exploration. The data can be used to define the boundaries of the continental shelf in the arctic ocean and will part of. Who owns the arctic understanding sovereignty disputes. A few years ago, i was involved in a publishing project and was told that arctic sovereignty had to be in the title because it sells best. A conflict on how to monitor the arctic islands and the security around that region. Part i march 15, 2011 march 15, 2011 coha only a few short weeks ago, a u. Arctic sovereignty also encompasses canada being able to effectively monitor and enforce authority over its northern land, sea, and air. With the knowledge of vast energy resources, the claim to sovereignty in the arctic has become a challenge for the mechanisms of international law as each state is eager to demonstrate its entitlement to sovereignty in the arctic. Russia not only reason to bolster arctic sovereignty. The changing climate of arctic regions, concerns about defence capability, interest in mineral exploitation, and greater awareness of the needs of canadas indigenous peoples, have all combined to direct political attention to the north.
Unlike international governance specified for antarctica by treaty, arctic governance is a composite of national sovereignty and the multilateral arctic council in which the five coastal states join three arctic states finland, iceland, and sweden without coastal access to the arctic ocean, and representatives of six indigenous peoples. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Conflict demands at least two parties and the intensity can be either violent or nonviolent. This book proposes a fair and just way of dealing with certain sovereignty conflicts. Byers, a canadian scholar of international law, surveys the emerging lines of conflict, focusing on territorial and sovereignty disputes.
Social studies 20arctic sovereignty and canada prezi. The economist offers authoritative insight and opinion on international news, politics, business, finance, science, technology and the connections between them. International law and the arctic explains these developments and reveals a strong trend towards international cooperation and lawmaking. Although many indigenous peoples still engage in traditional activities, they are often also interested in options for economic development. All land, internal waters, territorial seas and eezs in the arctic are under the jurisdiction of one of the eight arctic coastal states. The traditional view of arctic security focuses on military defense, especially the protection of national borders and the assertion of state sovereignty over arctic land and water. The traditional view of arctic security focuses on military defence, especially the protection of national borders and the assertion of state sovereignty over arctic land and water. Prime minister stephen harper launched his summer tour of the arctic on a familiar refrain, warning that protecting canadas sovereignty is the first and highest priority. Denmark could also conceivably claim an arctic sector 60w to 10w. Arctic sovereignty and security in a climatechanging world.
But, while we may not visit it, we have always known that we canadians owned it. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Professor suzanne lalonde university of montreal, canada after decades of neglect, the issue of arctic sovereignty has found it way into the political and media limelight within canada. Where doubt has risen over canadas claims to arctic sovereignty is in the islands north of the canadian mainland. Canadas claims to the arctic canada is the worlds second largest circumpolar country. The ocean has always been an important source of food for the.
One of canadas priorities in regards to arctic sovereignty should be to protect the inuit people not only because they are experiencing a loss in culture, but the circumpolar inuit declaration on arctic sovereignty also declares that the inuit have rights to the resources and the land upon which they live on. Canadian arctic sovereignty is currently a pressing issue has raised many questions about who owns and who has control over the arctic and its precious resources. Pascal poirier articulates the first claim to national sovereignty over arctic territory based on meridians of longitude, arguing that canada should make a formal declaration of. Valuing our role as one of the worlds arctic nations means. Jan 01, 2007 introduction arctic sovereignty has become once again a matter of political importance. The ocean is vast and covers 140 million square miles, some 72 per cent of the earths surface. According to huebert, the harper government was heavily focused on canadas arctic sovereignty, but played. They also assessed the potential security threats and economic opportunities. Sovereignty conflicts and international law and politics. Sovereignty, security, and stewardship, the authors, all leading commentators on arctic affairs, grapple with fundamental questions about how canada should craft a responsible and effective northern strategy. Brexit and europes troubled future, has some ideas.
An introduction to inuit rights and arctic sovereignty. Russias growing aggressiveness in the international sphere is not the only reason to demonstrate canadas sovereignty in the arctic, prime minister stephen harper. Thank you for the introduction and my sincere appreciation for the opportunity to participate in this workshop. The united states takes over the chairmanship of the arctic council from canada on april 24 during the arctic council ministerial meeting in iqaluit, nunavut, canada. Just in the past few years, china has built islands topped with military bases to back its claim to vast stretches of ocean, in conflict with half a dozen other asian countries, while. It thus contradicts the widespread misconception that the arctic is an unregulated zone of potential conflict. To that end, the federal government has made a number of steps in exercising sovereignty in the arctic. Even though it will take years for the melting of the arctic ice sheets to trigger widespread coastal flooding, other effects have already appeared. Defending our sovereignty in the arctic introduction. Home news canadas arctic sovereignty is on thin ice.
What can be done to help its institutions catch up with the new reality. On 7 november, international inuit day, we expressed unity in our concerns over arctic sovereignty. To what extent should canada protect its arctic sovereignty. Using the hans island dispute as a diplomatic laboratory conflict analysis article pdf available september 2014 with. Oct 30, 20 strengthening regional security forces has been seen as a top priority of russias arctic policy, as it guarantees russias sovereignty in the region. Janice parks is a freelance journalist whose work has appeared in the national post, toronto sun, calgary herald, edmonton journal and victoria timescolonist. International law regulates this area as with other portions of the earth. In the battle for sovereignty of a disputed arctic island. The eu started life as a small trading bloc but now spans 28 soon to be 27 countries with half a billion people. That cooperation in the arctic was sharply contrasted with the ongoing conflict in ukraine. Canada falling short on arctic sovereignty geopolitical monitor. In my mind, arctic sovereignty relates to what i said about canada needing to understand and value what it means to be an arctic nation. A short history how a frigid no mans land became one of the most hotly contested territories on earth.
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